Creating the illusion of surface and texture

In this painting texture is shown mainly through lighting. The metal pitcher on the left has only a few long smooth shadows. The clothe also has very obvious shadows and highlights. If you look more closely at the objects that seem to have more texture, like the fallen candle stick next to the pitcher, each bump has a shadow and highlight of its own which is what gives the feeling that the bumps are raised. The bread also lookes textured because of the ridges (which are shown by shadows as well.)